Luxating Patella in Dogs and Cats

Patellar luxation

A common orthopedic condition in which the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal groove at the front of the knee. Well-documented and common in small and toy dog breeds; occurs less frequently in cats but is seen more often in Devon Rex, Siamese, and Abyssinian cats.

Symptoms

A skip or hop in the gait, with the affected leg briefly lifted while walking or running
Occasional yelping if the dislocation is painful, though many pets show no discomfort
A permanently stiff, bowlegged, or “knocked-in” stance in severe, chronic cases
Reluctance or difficulty jumping (more noticeable in cats)

Causes

A hereditary, congenital malformation of the knee anatomy, present from birth in most cases
Genetic predisposition in small and toy dog breeds (Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, French Poodles, Bichon Frises) and, less commonly, large breeds (Great Danes, Akitas)
In cats, most often due to a shallow trochlear groove that fails to keep the kneecap in place
Trauma to the leg can also cause or worsen the condition in either species

Treatments

Mild cases: anti-inflammatory medication, weight management, joint supplements, and temporary exercise restriction
Moderate to severe cases (especially Grade III–IV): surgical correction to realign the kneecap and deepen the groove
Left untreated, chronic luxation can lead to arthritis and, in dogs, increases the risk of a torn cruciate ligament

This condition is common in the following Dogs & Cats

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