Gingivitis / Gum Disease in Dogs and Cats

Gingivitis (early-stage periodontal disease)

Inflammation of the gums caused by plaque and tartar buildup along the gumline — the earliest, reversible stage of periodontal disease. One of the most common health issues in both dogs and cats.

Symptoms

Red, swollen, or inflamed gums
Bleeding gums, especially when eating or chewing
Bad breath (halitosis)
Visible plaque or tartar on the teeth
Dull, unkempt coat in cats, since grooming becomes painful
Reduced appetite in more advanced cases

Causes

Buildup of plaque, a film of bacteria and food particles, along the gumline
Plaque combined with saliva and minerals hardens into tartar, further irritating the gums
Poor or inconsistent dental hygiene
More common in small and toy dog breeds and short-muzzled dogs
In cats, gum inflammation can sometimes progress to stomatitis, a more severe, whole-mouth condition

Treatments

Professional dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar above and below the gumline
Regular at-home toothbrushing to help prevent recurrence
Dental chews, diets, or water additives as supportive care
Left untreated, gingivitis progresses into periodontitis, leading to bone loss, tooth loss, and links to kidney, liver, and heart issues

This condition is common in the following Dogs & Cats

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